Torvald Helmer And Troy Maxson - 1965 Words

Monica Therrien Nancy Slavin English 105 18 March 2015 Torvald Helmer and Troy Maxson in Comparison It is a common assumption to believe that men are to be masculine, protective, and a provider to their families. That is especially the case in the time period both, A Doll’s House and Fences were written in, the 19th and 20th centuries. Torvald Helmer and Troy Maxson, were alike in many ways, but also so very different, each man loved and provided for his family in different ways, but both were still efficient providers in the way that should have been. The 19th century, the time A Doll’s House was set in, was the turning point in the world where the idea of â€Å"male supremacy† slowly started to become a thing of the past. Women were on their way to being considered, â€Å"equal but different.† Although women were socially considered equal to their counterparts, there were still some things that men ruled hierarchy over women such as voting rights, and the ability to perform hard labored jobs, and were ra rely granted the custody of their children in the case of divorce. Women were still considered caretakers, teachers, and organizers; primarily looking after the children, being maids, and organizing church groups and citizen groups as well. Men in the 19th century were the â€Å"laborers,† whom provided for their family; monetarily, put food on the table and a roof over their heads. Even though women began to earn their rights and were considered equal, men were still consideredShow MoreRelatedAn Analysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll House And August Wilson Fences 1224 Words   |  5 Pagesmain character was a woman by the name of Nora Helmer. She was a young women who lived in Europe during the nineteenth century. She was married to a man by the name of Torvald Helmer who seemed to be a little controlling. At first Nora seem to appear as an airhead. When her spouse, Torvald, calls her things like his little squirrel, his little lark, she does not appear to mind. Indeed she appears to enjoy it and even play into it. For example Torvald states â€Å"Is that my little lark twittering away

American Consumerism And The United States Environmental...

Regardless of what one thinks about American consumerism or our high levels of production, it is a fact that we live in a throw-away society. What that means is that we produce a lot, throw away a lot, and most things are planned to become obsolete within a few years. Recently, there has been an unprecedented effort to correct these negatives habits of our society, seeing as they can’t last forever. This effort, aptly called sustainability, is one of the most grandiose undertakings in American society today. Universities, corporations, households, and everything in-between, are all striving towards sustainability, but what actually is it? According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"To pursue sustainability is to create and maintain the conditions under which humans and nature can exist in productive harmony to support present and future generations† (EPA). With such a broad definition, there are plenty of critics and skeptics that say that such a proposition is too idealistic and therefore impossible. In fact, I agree with that faction and acknowledge that with such a loose definition, it will never be truly possible to be sustainable. However, my rebuttal, as it seems natural to say, is that nearly everything we do or strive for in America is, in a way, too idealistic. From that, I assert that we need to make a deliberate effort, as both consumers and producers, to work towards sustainability to move away from our throw-away tendencies. Before oneShow MoreRelatedSilent Spring By Rachel Carson1441 Words   |  6 PagesPeople reading a book wouldn’t be enough, though, for twenty million Americans came together on April 22, 1970, to celebrate the beauty of Earth and raise awareness about increasing concerns for the environment and declining quality of life. (maybe add a sentence about structure and diversity of the movement) Without these key events leading to the Environmental Movement’s diversity and unique structure through the 1970s, American values in politics and way of life would not have been able to changeRead MoreConsumerism: How It Affects Families Living in Poverty in America2390 Words   |  10 PagesConsumerism: Affecting Families Living in Poverty in the United States Katelynn O’Brien University of Phoenix COM/220 Research Writing May 26th, 2013 Outline I. Introduction of consumerism and brief explanation of its impact to the society II. Consumerism; definition and deep explanation of its impact to the world economies III. Advantages of consumerism A. Economic developments B. Growth and developments of companies C. Production of quality by companies D. Increase inRead MoreBusiness7439 Words   |  30 Pagesthat the American marketing system causes _____ to be higher than they would be under more â€Å"sensible† systems. a. distribution costs b. advertising costs c. prices d. markups e. employee morals (Answer: c; p. 496; Moderate) 4. A long-standing charge against intermediaries is that they mark up prices beyond the _____. a. value of their services b. delivery charges c. going market price d. range most Americans can affordRead MoreEcology of Maryland1280 Words   |  5 Pagescomplex chemical, physical, and biological reactions over more than 4 billion years now. In this relentless tardiness of geologic instance, the convection of the Earths mantle gave form to the planet (Cronon, 1993). The Middle Atlantic region of North American was shaped by the tectonic plate movements and climatic changes shaping the ancient oceans into lands. Water streams gave form to hills and deep valleys and rainwater broke big rocks into fine soil. It is interesting to note that while all this wasRead MoreGlobalization, Consumerism and Unsustainable Consumption Essay5809 Words   |  24 PagesGlobalization, Consumerism and Unsustainable Consumption Praveena Rajkobal IGD Program SPARC Colombo University Background Paper (Final) 1 This paper (i) attempts to establish the connection between globalization and consumerism and thereafter (ii) attempts to investigate the impacts of globalization and consumerism on unequal distribution of wealth and (iii) attempts to investigate the impacts of globalization and consumerism on unsustainable consumption and environmental degradationRead MoreA World Focused On Climate Change And Sustainable Development2467 Words   |  10 Pagesdesire to purchase products that are environmentally friendly is being hampered by the current cloud of greenwashing allegations, making it increasingly difficult for consumers to distinguish fact from fiction. Although the upward trend in green consumerism has affected several industries, it has had a noteworthy impact on the automotive industry, which has experienced a recent increase in the development of environmentally friendly options such as hybrid and electric vehicles. This paper will examineRead More Media Portrayal of Environmental Risk Essay2931 Words   |  12 Pages Media Portrayal of Environmental Risk: Dissemination or Delusion? Transmission of ideas and information through media avenues like television and the press are the predominant means by which much of contemporary culture and the developed world obtain vital information. The media has an enormous impact on the public’s conceptualization of ideals: societal perceptions are shaped by the information made available to us through the different venues of media. Examining how the transmittal of informationRead MoreFood Loss And Its Effects On Food Production3298 Words   |  14 Pagesfor any reason, which is discarded towards the front of the food supply chain, including harvest, post-harvest, and processing (Lipinski 2013). The production of the food in the United States is inefficient because of its inability to create and process food without generating excessive amounts of waste. In the United States alone, about 40 percent of its food is wasted daily – much of it due to ineffectual food production processes. In and of itself, food loss has permeated into different issues,Read MoreImpact of Consumer Protection Agencie in Nigeria15948 Words   |  64 PagesIMPACT OF CONSUMER PROTECTION AGENCIES IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF CPC, CAFON AND CEON BY AMZAT SHERIFFDEEN ADEWALE MATRIC NO: 06076963 A PROJECT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FUFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF ARTS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF MASS COMMUNICATION, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, OLABISI ONABANJO UNIVERSITY, AGO-IWOYE, OGUN STATE. MARCH, 2012 CHAPTER ONE 1.0 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY Consumer protection is defined as the efforts of the government and private organizationsRead MoreIt Goes Into A Landfill2921 Words   |  12 PagesMost people don’t think about where their trash goes after the garbage trucks empty the trash bins. It goes into a landfill, which is a carefully engineered and managed structure and acts as a final disposal option for waste (â€Å"Solid Waste Agency†). The purpose of a landfill is to bury trash in a way that it will be isolated from groundwater, will be kept dry, and will not come into contact with air. Under these conditions, the excess waste does not decompose very much (Freudenrich). Many objects

Prevention Paradox Samples for Students †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Prevention Paradox. Answer: Epidemiologist Geoffrey Rose first coined the term prevention paradox in the year 1981. It is a situation in which, maximum of the disease related cases belongs to a population that has lower or moderate risk for the disease, whereas a smaller section of the population becomes infected to the disease, who had higher risk for it (Dobe 2013). This phenomenon occurs as the community, who are at higher risk are smaller in number. World Health Organization (WHO) also described the prevention paradox as the tool to provide benefits to an entire population, where every individual shares small amount of advantages (World health organization 2015). Therefore, public health campaigns or population based interventions leads to successful prevention of diseases, as it targets an entire population and takes advantage of the prevention paradox of that community. Majority of the health improvement interventions applied on communities are for health improvement of smaller section of the society and for this purpose, maximum amount of people changes their dietary, behavioral and lifestyle habits. Therefore, there are several advantages and disadvantages of prevention paradox (John 2014). As only a small section of a large community improves their health from the interventions, motivation to others for changing the lifestyle make it a difficult task for the government. Further, as majority of the population are not receiving any improvement, therefore the ratio of personal benefit to risk is the major concern. However, this helps to eliminate the primary cause for the disease. Secondly, as the smaller section having high risk for disease improves their health using the intervention, the risk for others acquiring such disease becomes fewer (Dobe 2013). References Dobe, M., 2013. Hypertension: The prevention paradox.Indian journal of public health,57(1), p.1. John, S.D., 2014. Risk, Contractualism, and Rose's" Prevention Paradox".Social Theory and Practice, pp.28-50. World health organization. 2015.The world health report.viewed 10th February 2018. fromhttps://www.who.int/whr/2002/chapter6/en/index1.html.

The budgeting process free essay sample

(b) how zero-base budgeting would operate; (c) what problems might be met in introducing zero-base budgeting; (d) what special advantages could be expected from zero-base budgeting, as compared with more traditional budgeting methods, for an organization operating in an economic recession. (20 marks) CIMA P3 Management Accounting A budgetary planning and control system may include many individual budgets which are integrated into a ‘master budget’. 108 THE BUDGETING PROCESS You are required to outline and briefly explain with reasons the steps which should normally be taken in the preparation of master budgets in a manufacturing company, indicating the main budgets which you think should normally be prepared. (12 marks) ICAEW Management Accounting Question IM 15. 6 Advanced The managing director of your company believes that the existing annual budget system is costly to operate and produces unsatisfactory results due to: long preparation period; business decisions being made throughout the year; unpredictable changes in the rate of general inflation; sudden changes in the availability and price of raw materials. We will write a custom essay sample on The budgeting process or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He has read about rolling budgets and wonders whether these might be more useful for his decision-making. You are required, as the management accountant, to prepare a paper for him covering the following areas. (a) a brief explanation of rolling budgets; (4 marks) (b) how a rolling budget system would operate; (4 marks) (c) three significant advantages of a rolling budget system; (6 marks) (d) three problems likely to be encountered in using a rolling budget system (6 marks) CIMA P3 Management Accounting Question IM 15. 7 Advanced Explain the specific roles of planning, motivation and evaluation in a system of budgetary control. (7 marks) ACCA Level 2 Management Accounting Question IM 15. 8 Advanced X plc manufactures Product X using three different raw materials. The product details are as follows: Question IM 15. 9 Intermediate: Preparation of functional budgets Selling price per unit ? 250 Material A Material B Material C Direct labour 3 kgs 2 kgs 4 kgs 8 hours material price ? 3. 50 per kg material price ? 5. 00 per kg material price ? 4. 50 per kg labour rate ? 8. 00 per hour The company is considering its budgets for next year and has made the following estimates of sales demand for Product X for July to October: July August September October 400 units 300 units 600 units 450 units It is company policy to hold stocks of finished goods at the end of each month equal to 50% of the following month’s sales demand, and it is expected that the stock at the start of the budget period will meet this policy. At the end of the production process the products are tested: it is usual for 10% of those tested to be faulty. It is not possible to rectify these faulty units. Raw material stocks are expected to be as follows on 1 July: Material A Material B Material C 1000 kgs 400 kgs 600 kgs Stocks are to be increased by 20% in July, and then remain at their new level for the foreseeable future. Labour is paid on an hourly rate based on attendance. In addition to the unit direct labour hours shown above, 20% of attendance time is spent on tasks which support production activity. THE BUDGETING PROCESS 109 Requirements: (a) Prepare the following budgets for the quarter from July to September inclusive: (i) sales budget in quantity and value; (ii) production budget in units; (iii) raw material usage budget in kgs; (iv) raw material purchases budget in kgs and value; (v) labour requirements budget in hours and value. (16 marks) (b) Explain the term ‘principal budget factor’ and why its identification is an important part of the budget preparation process. (3 marks) (c) Explain clearly, using data from part (a) above, how you would construct a spreadsheet to produce the labour requirements budget for August. Include a specimen cell layout diagram containing formulae which would illustrate the basis for the spreadsheet. (6 marks) (Total 25 marks) CIMA Stage 2 Operational Cost Accounting Question IM 15. 10 Intermediate: Preparation of functional budgets D Limited is preparing its annual budgets for the year to 31 December 2001. It manufactures and sells one product, which has a selling price of ? 150. The marketing director believes that the price can be increased to ? 160 with effect from 1 July 2001 and that at this price the sales volume for each quarter of 2001 will be as follows: Sales volume Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 40 000 50 000 30 000 45 000 Sales for each quarter of 2002 are expected to be 40 000 units. Each unit of the finished product which is manufactured requires four units of component R and three units of component T, together with a body shell S. These items are purchased from an outside supplier. Currently prices are: Component R Component T Shell S ?8. 00 each 5. 00 each ?30. 00 each The components are expected to increase in price by 10% with effect from 1 April 2001; no change is expected in the price of the shell. Assembly of the shell and components into the finished product requires 6 labour hours: labour is currently paid ? 5. 00 per hour. A 4% increase in wage costs is anticipated to take effect from 1 October 2001. Variable overhead costs are expected to be ? 10 per unit for the whole of 2001; fixed production overhead costs are expected to be ? 240 000 for the year, and are absorbed on a per unit basis. Stocks on 31 December 2000 are expected to be as follows: Finished units Component R Component T Shell S 9000 units 3000 units 5500 units 500 units Closing stocks at the end of each quarter are to be as follows: Finished units Component R Component T Shell S 110 10% of next quarter’s sales 20% of next quarter’s production requirements 15% of next quarter’s production requirements 10% of next quarter’s production requirements THE BUDGETING PROCESS Requirement: (a) Prepare the following budgets of D Limited for the year ending 31 December 2001, showing values for each quarter and the year in total: (i) sales budget (in ? s and units) (ii) production budget (in units) (iii) material usage budget (in units) (iv) production cost budget (in ? s). (15 marks) (b) Sales are often considered to be the principal budget factor of an organisation. Requirement: Explain the meaning of the ‘principal budget factor’ and, assuming that it is sales, explain how sales may be forecast making appropriate reference to the use of statistical techniques and the use of microcomputers. (10 marks) (Total 25 marks) CIMA Stage 2 Operational Cost Accounting The following data and estimates are available for ABC Limited for June, July and August. June July August (? ) (? ) (? ) Sales Wages Overheads 45 000 12 000 8 500 50 000 13 000 9 500 Question IM 15. 11 Intermediate: Preparation of cash budgets 60 000 14 500 9 000 The following information is available regarding direct materials: June (? ) Opening stock Material usage July (? ) August (? ) September (? ) 5000 8000 3500 9000 6 000 10 000 4000 Notes: 1. 10% of sales are for cash, the balance is received the following month. The amount received in June for May’s sales is ? 29 500. 2. Wages are paid in the month they are incurred. 3. Overheads include ? 1500 per month for depreciation. Overheads are settled the month following. ?6500 is to be paid in June for May’s overheads. 4. Purchases of direct materials are paid for in the month purchased. 5. The opening cash balance in June is ? 11 750. 6. A tax bill of ? 25 000 is to be paid in July. Required: (a) Calculate the amount of direct material purchases in each of the months of June, July and August. (3 marks) (b) Prepare cash budgets for June, July and August. (9 marks) (c) Describe briefly the advantages of preparing cash budgets. (3 marks) (Total marks 15) CIMA Stage 1 Cost Accounting THE BUDGETING PROCESS 111 Question IM 15. 12 Intermediate: Preparation of cash budgets A company is to carry out a major modernization of its factory commencing in two weeks time. During the modernization, which is expected to take four weeks to complete, no production of the company’s single product will be possible. The following additional information is available: (i) Sales/Debtors: Demand for the product at ? 100 per unit is expected to continue at 800 units per week, the level of sales achieved for the last four weeks, for one further week. It is then expected to reduce to 700 units per week for three weeks, before rising to a level of 900 units per week where it is expected to remain for several weeks. All sales are on credit, 50% being received in cash in the week following the week of sale and 50% in the week after that. (ii) Production/Finished goods stock: Production will be at a level of 1200 units per week for the next two weeks. Finished goods stock is 2800 units at the beginning of week 1. (iii) Raw material stock: Raw material stock is ? 36 000 at the beginning of week 1. This will be increased by the end of week 1 to ? 40 000 and reduced to ? 10 000 by the end of week 2. (iv) Costs (? per unit) Variable: Raw material Direct labour Overhead Fixed: Overhead 35 20 10 25 Fixed overheads have been apportioned to units on the basis of the normal output level of 800 units per week and include depreciation of ? 4000 per week. In addition to the above unit costs, overtime premiums of ? 5000 per week will be incurred in weeks 1 and 2. During the modernization variable costs will be avoided, apart from direct labour which will be incurred at the level equivalent to 800 units production per week. Outlays on fixed overheads will be reduced by ? 4000 per week. (v) Payments: Creditors for raw materials, which stand at ? 27 000 at the beginning of week 1, are paid in the week following purchase. All other payments are made in the week in which the liability is incurred. (vi) Liquidity: The company has a bank overdraft balance of ? 39 000 at the beginning of week 1 and an overdraft limit of ? 50 000. The company is anxious to establish the liquidity situation over the modernization period, excluding the requirements for finance for the modernization itself. Required: (a) Prepare a weekly cash budget covering the six-week period up to the planned completion of the modernization. (15 marks) (b) Comment briefly upon any matters concerning the liquidity situation which you feel should be drawn to the attention of management. (7 marks) (Total 22 marks) ACCA Level 1 Costing 112 THE BUDGETING PROCESS The Rosrock Housing Association has two types of housing estate in the Rosburgh area (A and B). The following information is available: (i) The association has its own squad of painters who carry out painting and decorating work on the housing estates. The estimated cost for each house in which the work will be done in 2001 is as follows: Painting (? ) (a) Direct material cost (b) Direct labour cost Question IM 15. 13 Advanced: Preparation of a cash budget and a decision whether to close a department and subcontract 75 270 (c) In 2001 overhead cost is absorbed at 20% on direct material cost plus 100% on direct labour cost. Only 30% of material related overhead and 331/3% of labour related overhead is variable, the remainder is fixed overhead and the absorption rate is arrived at using the budgeted number of houses which require painting and decorating each year. (d) Fixed overhead may be analysed into: 1. Items avoidable on cessation of the service 30% 2. Depreciation of equipment and premises 20% 3. Apportionment of head office costs 50% (e) Direct material and direct labour cost are wholly variable. (ii) The total number of houses of each type and the percentage requiring painting and decorating each year is as follows: Estate Type A Total number of houses Percentage of houses requiring maintenance each year: Estate Type B 500 30% 600 20% (iii) Where relevant, all future costs are expected to increase each year by a fixed percentage of the previous year’s level due to changes in prices and wage rates as follows: Direct material cost 5% Direct labour cost 7% Overhead cost 6% (iv) Forecast balances at 31 December 2000 and other cash flow timing information is as follows: (a) Creditors for materials: ? 2100. Credit purchases are 90% of purchases, the remainder being cash purchases. The credit purchases outstanding at a year end are estimated at 10% of the annual materials purchased on credit. There are no materials on hand on 31 December 2000. (b) Labour costs accrued: ? 2800. Labour costs outstanding at a year end are estimated at 4% of the annual total earnings for the year. (c) Creditors for variable overheads: ? 600. Variable overheads are paid 60% in the month of incidence and 40% in the month following. Variable overheads are deemed to accrue evenly each month throughout the year. (d) Fixed overheads are paid in twelve equal amounts with no accruals or prepayments. Required: (a) Prepare a cash budget for the existing painting and decorating function for the period 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2003 which shows the cash flows for each of the years 2001, 2002 and 2003. (Calculations should be rounded to the nearest whole ?. ) (14 marks) (b) An outside company has offered to undertake all painting and decorating work for a three year period 2001 to 2003 for a fixed fee of ? 135 000 per annum. THE BUDGETING PROCESS 113 (i) Calculate whether the offer should be accepted on financial grounds using the information available in the question. (2 marks) (ii) List and comment upon other factors which should be taken into account by Rosrock Housing Association management when considering this offer. (6 marks) (Total 22 marks) ACCA Level 2 Cost and Management Accounting Question IM 15. 14 Intermediate: Direct labour budget and labour cost accounting A company, which manufactures a range of consumer products, is preparing the direct labour budget for one of its factories. Three products are manufactured in the factory. Each product passes through two stages: filling and packing. Direct labour efficiency standards are set for each stage. The standards are based upon the number of units expected to be manufactured per hour of direct labour. Current standards are: Product 1 (units/hour) Filling Packing Product 2 (units/hour) Product 3 (units/hour) 125 95 300 100 250 95 Budgeted sales of the three products are: Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 850 000 units 1 500 000 units 510 000 units Production will be at the same level each month, and will be sufficient to enable finished goods stocks at the end of the budget year to be: Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 200 000 units 255 000 units 70 000 units Stocks at the beginning of the budget year are expected to be: Product 1 Product 2 Product 3 100 000 units 210 000 units 105 000 units After completion of the filling stage, 5% of the output of Products 1 and 3 is expected to be rejected and destroyed. The cost of such rejects is treated as a normal loss. A single direct labour hour rate is established for the factory as a whole. The total payroll cost of direct labour personnel is included in the direct labour rate. Hours of direct labour personnel are budgeted to be split as follows: % of Total time Direct work Holidays (other, than public holidays) Sickness Idle time Cleaning Training 80 7 3 4 3 003% 100% All direct labour personnel are employed on a full-time basis to work a basic 35 hour, 5 day, week. Overtime is to be budgeted at an average of 3 hours per 114 THE BUDGETING PROCESS employee, per week. Overtime is paid at a premium of 25% over the basic hourly rate of ? 4 per hour. There will be 250 possible working days during the year. You are to assume that employees are paid for exactly 52 weeks in the year. Required: Calculate: (a) The number of full-time direct employees required during the budget year. (14 marks) (b) The direct labour rate (? per hour, to 2 decimal places). (5 marks) (c) The direct labour cost for each product (pence per unit to 2 decimal places). (6 marks) (Total 25 marks) ACCA Level 1 Costing

Break Up of Soviet Union essays

Break Up of Soviet Union essays In this essay I am going to talk about the breakup of the Soviet Union and all of the events that took place before, during, and after the split up. I will look into the C.I.S (Commonwealth of Independent States), the Government, economy and the conflicts of the former U.S.S.R. In July of 1991, President Mikhail Gorbachev and ten other Repulic leaders all met and signed a treaty giving each Republic more self-government. Five more leaders were to sign the treaty on August 20, but on the 19th of the month Communist leaders, led by Boris Yeltsin planned a coup against Gorbachev's Government. They trapped him and his family in their vacation home just as they were preparing to return from their vacation in Crimea for the first signing of the union treaty. He was placed under house arrest but he refused to give in to the demands. While this was going on, protesters held demonstrations and strikes broke out all over the country. The Commuist party was suspended in many republics, including the Russian Federation. A few days after the coup, Gorbacev resigned from the party leadership. In the aftermath of the coup , Yeltsin emerged as the strongest political figure in the country. In September 1991 an interim government was set up until a new treaty could be worked out . This government included Gorbachev and the leaders of the On December 8th Russia proclaimed itself the Soviet Union's successor. Boris Yeltsin and the Presidents of Ukraine and Belarus announced the formation of the Commonwealth of Independent States and that the U.S.S.R had no longer existed. The Commonwealth of Independent States was an association of nations that were formerly republics of the Soviet Union. They encouraged all others to join with them. On December 21, eleven republics joined, Armenia, Belarus. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyztan, Moldova, Russia, Tajistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Georgia became a m ...

Change Management Strategy in an Organisation

Change Management Strategy in an Organisation Change is inevitable: it is brought about by globalisation, change in customer needs, and technological developments among other factors. As much as change is inevitable, the nature of human being resists change; how well an organisation adopts to change, determines the competitive a company.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Change Management Strategy in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Leaders have the role of implementing strategies to effect change effectively in their organisation. Change may be rapid, where there is minimal time to plan and adjust processes and products in line with the expected change (Hayes 12-23). This paper discuses change management strategy in an organisation. Strategy A strategy is a thought system and process to be followed, with the aim of attaining certain set objectives. The strategy may be made by an expert, or it can be developed internally in an organisation to ensu re that better processes have been adopted. Implementing and managing a strategy is the final stage of a strategy, where elements and components of the strategy are put in place. In the case of change, a change strategy should be implemented and pioneered by change agents. Change management strategy Leadership of an organisation has the mandate of implementing and managing change. Businesses, countries and the world in general is facing massive change and developments, there are transition and development in different areas. Change should be gradual but should adopt a pace that ensures that the organisation will benefit from opportunities offered by change or mitigate any threats offered by changes in business world. An effective change management policy will ensure a smooth transition from old process development methods to the new form of production. Objectives of a change management program There are different reasons why change should be undertaken in an organisation. The prevai ling condition offers the objective to meet by the change process. Major objectives of a change management strategy are: Improve current working condition; this is through adoption of modern or relevant strategies, for example to implement risk management strategy, there are some change that need to be accommodate in an organization Adopt a different way of doing things and take advantage of available opportunities as other business opportunities are created Make new combinations of resources in an organization; this is mostly when better combination ways have been innovated Adopt new technology; scientific innovations and developments have resulted to technological innovation that robust organization should adopt for efficiency and effectiveness in internal and external processes. Change of business, target market, production formulae, management, job schedules, job description among other; this is where an organization need to take a different approach in business Have a differen t human resource management system, computer system among others Change management program The success of a change program is dependent on how employees in the organisation are going to adjust and the way they will perceive the change. The attitude towards change determines whether the process will be affected effectively or not. The change agents should take certain deliberate measures and follow a well thought process that is influenced by organisational culture of a company.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To implement a change strategy, the following process should be followed: Planning change This is where the need for a change in an organisation is recognised; at this stage, an analysis of prevailing condition in the industry is important. An internal and external audit is conducted to ensure that current position in market is recognised. Change agents shou ld undertake massive research on an area of deficit recognised so that they can devise appropriate mechanisms and strategies to an effective solution (Newman 56-78). Pilot study and management sensitisation After the area that need change has been recognised, the report of the change should be discussed with top management. This is a very important task since how well top management understand the change to come in an organisation, the more support they are likely to give to the change. Through brainstorming and involvement of experts, alterative are devised; if there are past organisations that have implemented any of the set alternatives, its performance should be evaluated. The risk areas are established to ensure that mitigation measures have been established. It is at this stage that the best alternative is chosen; this stage may take varying durations depending with the urgency of the problem at hand, however it should address all areas. Staff sensitisation and involvement Aft er the management have decided on the way forward, before taking any step further, they should involve their employees at all levels seeking their support. At this stage, employees are likely to have a number of questions regarding the change and how will be affected by the change. Change agents should be well versed with the expected change results and the effects it is likely to have on employees. In case some employees have some recommendations to the change, their views should not be locked out but should be included in the change process as long as they will not contradict the objectives targeted by the change. Employees should be made aware that they are part and parcel of the change process and the process should not be implemented on them rather they should be fully involved in the change process (Sadler and  James 34-46). Consolidating change When all things are set to go and attitude of employees towards the perceived change is positive, then the new strategy of doing th ings should be launched. Before switching the old strategy of doing things, the new strategy and the old one should be run concurrently to give a testing chance of the new strategy as employees learn and adjust to the new system.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Change Management Strategy in an Organisation specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sometime there are improvements that become necessary after implementation; such improvements should be done before the old system has been switched off. Support, monitoring, improvement and control of the new system should also be embarked on. Managers role in change Management Leaders in an organisation are mandated with the task of pioneering a business to its desired objectives; they are the change agents. In transitional period the leaders is the one who guides subordinates to the desired path. They make rules and policies to be followed in attaining the goals: without disreg arding their subordinates. Change needs to be planned at all, times when it is being implemented and conducted in such a way that it will be accepted in the business (Hiatt and Creasey 8-12). Change best practice Change Best practice is the approach that a company can adopt to undergo the change process effectively; it involves accommodating all people. Although different strategies of change management are used in different companies, John P Kotters has come up with an eight-stage change best practice model, as follows: Increase urgency After the top management has understood and backed the change process, change agents goes down the hierarchy to create awareness on expected changes in the company. Focus is on the specific departments that will be affected. Having round table meetings where the expected change is discussed is necessary. Relevant inputs from employees are accommodated. Build the guiding team At this stage, people have diverse views, fears and optimisms; depending wi th an individual. Change agents should work closely to explain finer details of the projects and remove doubts and tensions created. This stage call for professionalism since it can break the entire system if a negative perception is created in the mind of the employees. Communicate for buy-in This stage, employees undergo necessary training on how they are expected to conduct themselves after the change process. Those employees who are still resistance should be given one-on-one approach where issues and their fears are aired out. Empower action Change agents guide the employees to see the practicability of the new way of doing things, depending with the development; this stage can be delayed to later date. Any issues and misunderstandings are polished at this stage as employees learn more about the new system and its operations. Note at this stage, the old system still is on.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Create short-term wins The new change is given a full test without doing away with the old one. The new system dominate in activities, this stage gives the company the chance to evaluate the new system as employees learn it further. Dont let up In case the new system has disappointments, it should not be done away with; it should be reinforced and accustomed further for the business. Make change stick At this stage, the company will have understood the change and ready to work with it. The old system is switched off and mechanisms mechanism to evaluate, appraise and upgrade to the new system are put in place (Sadler and  James 45-76) Conclusion People are static to change; however, if an organisation implements an effective change program, then change can be smooth and effective. An effective change strategy should involve employees of an organisation at different levels and sort for their continued support. Hayes, Johns. The Theory and practice of Change Management . New York: P algrave Macmillan, 2010. Print. Hiatt, Jeff, and   Creasey Timothy. Change management: the people side of change. Colorado: Prosci, 2003. Print. Newman, Janet. Modernising Governance. Belmont: SAGE Publications, 2001. Print. Sadler, Philip, and  James Craig. Strategic management. London: Kogan Page Publishers, 2003. Print.

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 4

Term paper - Essay Example Currently, technology has developed to invent mobile phones which can access any information with convenience. As a result of easy access to information, there has been significant change in how people view information. The use of internet has not only made life more convenient but also changed the entire world. The network has become a major platform of mainstream media unlike previously when the media was just newspapers, televisions, and radio. The network has facilitated saving of resources besides availing more information in less time. Today, more and more people are able connect to people from across the world through social networks. Numerous social platforms have emerged with Facebook being the most famous. Facebook has evolved since its creation in 2004 by Zuckerburg, to become party of people’s daily lives. People access the application through laptops, computers, iPad, and smartphones. Through this application an individual can publish their real names, images, emails, relationship status, as well as birthdays. Various people have understand privacy in varying perspectives, particularly the youth. Most young people have an immature and incomplete understanding of the world. Currently, the main challenge that needs to be addressed is whether the online article about Facebook has an impact on college students’ understanding on personal confidentiality problem. Facebook offers a great platform that allows individuals to interact with more people online as well as know themselves better. However, sometimes too much personal details are exposed to the public. This excessive exposure results to too many negative consequences. Although the laws stipulates the right to freedom of expression, instances of cyber bullying, phishing, as well as, malicious slanders have increased at an alarming rate in people’s daily lives. These consequences will normally emerge since the application user’s privacy is not adequately